Unit 5 Review

Which pairings correcly depict the way in which DNA bases pair?
1. Adenine pairs with Guanine || Thymine pairs with Cytosine
2. Adenine pairs with Cytosine || Thymine pairs with Guanine
3. Adenine pairs with Thymine || Guanine pairs with Cytosine
4. Adenine pairs with Adenine || Thymine pairs with Thymine
How many base pairing errors are depicted in the image above?
1. none
2. one
3. two
4. three
5. four
How many base pairing errors are depicted in the image above?
1. none
2. one
3. two
4. three
5. four
The double-stranded DNA molecule has a three dimensional structure known as a
1. spiral
2. double helix
3. triple helix
4. matirx
The structures in the diagram labeled X are
1. bases
2. deoxyribose sugars
3. phosphates
4. proteins
The structures in the diagram labeled W are
1. bases
2. deoxyribose sugars
3. phosphates
4. proteins
The structures in the diagram labeled Z are
1. bases
2. deoxyribose sugars
3. phosphates
4. proteins
In RNA, the base adenine is paired with ____________________________ instead of _______________________________, as it is in DNA.
1. uracil / thymine
2. guanine / cytosine
3. thymine / cytosine
4. cytosine / thymine
Which of the following represents an RNA strand that would be transcribed from the DNA strand above?
Before leaving the nucleus, mRNA is protected with which of the following?
1. A 5' cap
2. A 3' poly-adenine tail
3. A special membrane
4. Enzymes called nucleases
Which of the following represents a sequence of bases as they might appear in RNA?
Which of the following is NOT a difference between RNA and DNA
1. they contain different sugars
2. DNA is double-stranded, and RNA is single-stranded
3. RNA leaves the nucleus; DNA does not
4. DNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone; RNA does not
The process by which RNA is made from a template of DNA is known as
1. replication
2. transcription
3. translation
4. duplication
Some viruses can make DNA from an RNA template. This process is known as
1. infection
2. reverse-transcription
3. reverse-translation
4. reverse-replication
The function of mRNA is to
1. control cell division
2. serve as a template for making proteins
3. backup the genetic information in case the DNA is destroyed
4. protect the nucleus from damage by enzymes
In eukaryotic cells, RNA is edited before leaving the nucleus. During the editing process
1. introns and exons are removed from the RNA
2. exons are removed from the RNA while the introns remain
3. introns are removed from the RNA while exons remain
4. introns and exons trade positions within the RNA strand
Other extra-nuclear RNA includes rRNA and tRNA. The "r" and "t" stand for
1. ribosomal and transfer
2. recombinant and thermal
3. reactive and time-sensitive
4. regular and thylakoid
The enzymes that makes an RNA molecule from a DNA template is known as
1. reverse transcriptase
2. RNA polymerase
3. DNA polymerase
4. exonuclease
RNA is made from a DNA template
1. in the nucleus
2. in the ribosomes
3. in the cytoplasm
4. in the labs of mad scientists
The mRNA base sequence AUG serves as the "start codon" for protein synthesis. This codon codes for the amino acid
1. methionine
2. tryptophan
3. cysteine
4. tyrosine
Which of the following codons is not a codon for the termination of translation?
1. UGG
2. UAA
3. UAG
4. UGA
Protein synthesis takes place in the direction 5' → 3'. What is the amino acid sequence resulting from this section mRNA?
1. Ser - Arg - Asp - Pro
2. Phe - His - Arg - Gly
3. Val - Pro - Tyr - Leu
4. Ser - Gln - Gly - Ser
A 12-base section of mRNA composed of nothing but the base cytosine would code for the repeated addition of the amino acid
1. Proline
2. Histidine
3. Isoleucine
4. Phenylalanine
The transfer RNA shown here would transport the amino acid
1. (pro) proline
2. (gly) glycine
3. (try) tryptophan
4. (lys) lysine
The process of translation takes place when the mRNA is attached to
1. a mitochondrion
2. the nucleus
3. a ribosome
4. the endoplasmic reticulum
A mutation in DNA coding for a protein results in a change in an mRNA codon from UAA to UAG. This change results in
1. insertion of the wrong amino acid
2. no change
3. premature termination of translation
4. the failure to terminate translation
A mutation in DNA coding for a protein results in a change in an mRNA codon from UGA to UGG. This change results in
1. insertion of the wrong amino acid
2. no change
3. premature termination of translation
4. the failure to terminate translation
A mutation in DNA coding for a protein results in a change in an mRNA codon from ACA to AAC. This change results in
1. insertion of the wrong amino acid
2. no change
3. premature termination of translation
4. the failure to terminate translation
A mutation in DNA coding for a protein results in a change in an mRNA codon from CAG to UAG. This change results in
1. insertion of the wrong amino acid
2. no change
3. premature termination of translation
4. the failure to terminate translation
When three bases constitute a codon, the number of possible codons that can be generated using the four bases in RNA is
1. 3⁴ combinations
2. 4³ combinations
3. 3 x 4 combinations
4. 3 combinations
5. 4 combinations
The tremendous variety of proteins is due to the
1. millions of possible codons in mRNA
2. millions of possible ways that amino acids can be ordered within a protein
3. millions of different bases in DNA
4. millions of different kinds of tRNA
The structure labeled "Z" represents
1. transfer RNA
2. messenger RNA
3. a ribosome
4. the nucleus
The structure labeled "X" represents
1. transfer RNA
2. messenger RNA
3. a ribosome
4. the nucleus
The structure labeled "Y" represents
1. transfer RNA
2. messenger RNA
3. a ribosome
4. the nucleus