Unit 2 Review

Enzymes speed up a reaction by
1. lowering activation energy
2. increasing temperature
3. creating more reactants
4. increasing activation energy
In a reaction between the sugar maltose, and the enzyme maltase, which catalyzes the decomposition of maltose
1. maltose is the substrate
2. maltase is the substrate
3. maltase is the product
4. water is the substrate
5. maltose is the product
Which of the following is NOT true?
1. Most enzymes are proteins
2. Enzymes are used up after catalyzing a reaction
3. Enzymes only work inside of cells
4. Prokaryotic cells and viruses do not use enzymes
The substrate is
1. labeled "A"
2. labeled "B"
3. labeled "C"
4. labeled "D"
5. labeled "E"
The enzyme is
1. labeled "A"
2. labeled "B"
3. labeled "C"
4. labeled "D"
5. labeled "E"
The enzyme-substrate complex is
1. labeled "A"
2. labeled "B"
3. labeled "C"
4. labeled "D"
5. labeled "E"
The product is
1. labeled "A"
2. labeled "B"
3. labeled "C"
4. labeled "D"
5. labeled "E"
The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is known as the
1. catalyst
2. active site
3. inhibitor
4. activation energy
Cells must produce many different enzymes because
1. enzymes are quickly used up
2. most cellular reactions require a specific, unique enzyme
3. they have to have some way to use up the protein that they consume
4. enzymes are not very effective at speeding up reactions
Enzyme names always end with the suffix
1. -ase
2. -ose
3. -ene
4. -ite
What phenomenon explains the flat area on the graph between points B and C?
1. the reaction has come to a stop
2. all of the enzyme's active sites are occupied
3. the reaction has run out of substrate
4. the enzyme has stopped working
Which of these changes might increase the rate of the reaction beyond point C?
1. Add more substrate
2. Add more enzyme
3. Increase the temperature
4. Add more water
In the area marked A on the graph, many of the enzyme molecules have active sites that are
1. available for substate binding
2. occupied by inhibitors
3. damaged
Which of the following changes might cause a decrease in the rate of the reaction beyond point C?
1. addition of more substrate
2. addition of an inhibitor
3. a decrease in temperature
4. a change in pH
5. an increase in temperature
6. addition of more enzyme molecules
Without the presence of enzymes, the reactions necessary to sustain life would require ___________________ in order to occur.
1. much larger cells
2. more organelles
3. larger proteins
4. higher temperatures
When a piece of liver is dropped into hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) decomposes into water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂). This rapid change in reaction rate suggests
1. that liver contains lots of germs
2. the liver contains an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide
3. that liver is a substrate for hydrogen peroxide
4. that hydrogen peroxide is a powerful enzyme
When a piece of liver is dropped into hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) decomposes into water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂). However, if the liver is cooked first, the reaction fails to occur. The reason for this is
1. heating kills the germs that cause the bubbling
2. heating damages the enzyme in liver that breaks down hydrogen peroxide
3. heating removes the water and oxygen from the liver
4. reactions take place faster at lower temperatures
Which panel represents the saturation of the enzyme by the substrate?
1. Panel 1
2. Panel 2
3. Panel 3
Which panel represents the reaction at its maximum rate?
1. Panel 1
2. Panel 2
3. Panel 3
In what way could you increase the rate of the reaction as it is taking place in Panel 3?
1. Add more substrate
2. Remove substrate
3. Add more enzyme molecules
4. Remove enzyme molecules
5. Add more water
The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the
1. stroma
2. thylakoids
3. mitochondria
4. nucleus
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the
1. stroma
2. thylakoids
3. mitochondria
4. nucleus
Photosynthesis takes place in which organelle?
1. the nucleus
2. the mitochondrion
3. the vacuole
4. the endoplasmic reticulum
5. the ribosome
6. the chloroplast
Photosynthesis takes place in the organelle labeled
What two energy carrying molecules are produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis?
1. NADP⁺ and ADP
2. NADP⁺ and NADPH
3. NADPH and ATP
4. ADP and ATP
5. NADP⁺ and ATP
Energy from sunlight is captured by the pigment
Structures known as grana are stacks of
Which of the following equations correctly sums up the overall process of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide is required for which of the following processes in photosynthesis
1. the Calvin cycle
2. the splitting of water
3. the production of ATP
4. the absorption of water
A granum has been given the label number
Which numered label indicates the region where the light-independent reactions take place?
The light dependent reactions take place in the membrane labeled by the number
The splitting of water molecules is essential for the photosynthetic production of
1. carbon dioxide
2. sunlight
3. ATP and NADPH
4. chlorophyll
A plant is provided adequate carbon dioxide and water, but no light. In this plant
1. photosynthesis will not occur.
2. photosynthesis will occur more slowly than in the light.
3. ATP and NADPH will be stored until sunlight becomes available.
4. the light independent reactions will continue to produce glucose
Plant contain mitochondria in addition to chloroplasts. This is necessary because
1. plants must make use of respiration when light is not available.
2. the ATP needed for photosynthesis is produced in the mitochondria.
3. the mitochondria produce proteins essential to photosynthesis
4. the mitochondria are how carbon dioxide enters the plant cell
All energy conversions, even in living cells, are very inefficient. Life can survive despite this inefficiency because
1. cells require very little energy
2. the sun continually provides new energy
3. wastes are recycled
4. water is an abundant element on Earth
The letter representing sunlight is
1. W
2. X
3. Y
4. Z
The letter representing oxygen is
1. W
2. X
3. Y
4. Z
The letter representing carbon dioxide could be either
1. W or X
2. X or Y
3. Y or Z
4. Z or W
The letter representing water could be either
1. W or X
2. X or Y
3. Y or Z
4. Z or W
The organelle in which the Krebs cycle takes place is labeled
Check all that are true.

The process of glycolysis
1. requires oxygen
2. takes place in the inner-membrane of the mitochondria
3. breaks glucose into pyruvate
4. produces two molecules of ATP
5. takes place in the cytoplasm (cytosol)
6. only takes place in yeast and bacteria
A maximum of 38 molecules of ATP are produced from each glucose molecule as a result of
1. aerobic respiration
2. lactic acid fermentation
3. alcohol fermentation
4. glycolysis
The picture above depicts the fermenation of home made beer. The gas being produced in the container on the right is
1. carbon dioxide
2. oxygen
3. pyruvate
4. water vapor
5. nitrogen
The picture above depicts the fermenation of home made beer. One reason for the tube passing into the cup of water is to
1. provide water that is necessary for fermentation
2. keep oxygen from freely entering the fermentation flask
3. prevent the escape of carbon dioxide
4. water down the beer
5. nitrogen
The matrix, where the Krebs cycle takes place, is labeled number
The infoldings of the inner-membrane of the mitochondria have the purpose of
1. speeding the loss of carbon dioxide during fermentation
2. increasing surface area for ATP production
3. increasing the cell's photosynthetic capacity
4. speeding up the process of glycolysis
Aerobic respiration does not take place without oxygen available, because oxygen
1. is essential for the formation of carbon dioxide
2. is the terminal electron acceptor in respiration
3. is present in alcohol and lactic acid
4. is necessary for glycolysis
As an athlete's muscles are forced to work in the absence of enough oxygen, the muscle cells begin to produce
1. ever larger amounts of ATP
2. carbon dioxide
3. lactic acid
4. ethyl alcohol
Oxygen acts as the terminal elecron acceptor by combining with the electrons and ____________________ to form _____________________.
1. H⁺ ions // water
2. carbon // carbon dioxide
3. ADP // ATP
4. glucose // pyruvate
Check the statement(s) that is/are incorrect.
1. Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP molecules
2. The ATP produced in fermenation comes from glycolysis
3. The Krebs cycle produces a maximum of 2 ATP per molecule of pyruvate
4. Plant cells do not have the capacity to use glucose in cellular respiration, because they get their energy from photosynthesis.
The infoldings of the mitochondria are called
1. ribosomes
2. cristae
3. the matrix
4. the cytosol
Which of these represents the net equation for complete aerobic respiration?
1. glucose → carbon dioxide + ATP
2. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
3. glucose → pyruvate + lactic acid + alcohol + ATP
4. pyruvate + oxygen → carbon dioxide + oxygen + ATP
In the absence of oxygen, the cell's ability to convert the stored energy of glucose to usable ATP
1. is greatly increased
2. is greatly decreased
3. is unchanged
4. is limited to a maximum of 38 ATP per glucose molecule
Obligate anaerobic bacteria require an oxygen-free environment in order to grow and reproduce. In which test tube of the obligate anaerobes growing?
1. Test tube 1
2. Test tube 2
3. Test tube 3
4. Test tube 4
5. Test tube 5
Yeast undergo fermentation in the production of bread. The alcohol is driven off in the baking process;
1. the oxygen causes the dough to rise
2. the carbon dioxide causes the dough to rise
3. the water vapor causes the dough to rise
4. the ATP causes the dough to rise
The cristae, where electron transport takes place, are labeled number