Unit 1 Review

Which cell type contains membrane-bound organelles?
1. Prokaryotic
2. Eukaryotic
3. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Cells that contains streaming cytoplasm
1. are prokaryotic
2. are eukaryotic
3. can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Cells that do not have histone proteins associated with their DNA
1. are prokaryotic
2. are eukaryotic
3. can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Cells that have DNA as their genetic material include
1. only prokaryotic cells
2. only eukaryotic cells
3. both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Animals, plants, fungi, and protists have cells that are
1. exclusively prokaryotic
2. exclusively eukaryotic
3. both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
4. neither prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Bacteria have cells that are
1. exclusively prokaryotic
2. exclusively eukaryotic
3. both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
4. neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic
Viruses differ from cells in which of the following ways?
1. Viruses cannot reproduce themselves, but cells can
2. Cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA, but viruses do not carry their own genetic information
3. Cells grow and require energy, but viruses do not
4. Viruses do not have membrane coverings
5. Viruses are larger than cells
Cells that contain a nucleus
1. are prokaryotic
2. are eukaryotic
3. can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
4. are neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cells contain
1. single chromosomes
2. paired chromosomes
3. no chromosomes
Eukaryotic cells contain
1. single chromosomes
2. paired chromosomes
3. no chromosomes
Differences between a plant and animal cell include:
1. plants cells have a nucleus and animal cells don't
2. plants cells have chloroplasts and animal cells don't
3. plant cells have membrane-bound organelles and animal cells don't
4. plant cells have cell walls and animal cells don't
5. plant cells contain cytoplasm and animal cells don't
The cell pictured above is characteristic of
1. animal cells
2. plant cells
3. bacterial cells
The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is the:
1. synthesis of DNA
2. processing of large molecules such as proteins and lipids
3. generation of cellular energy in the form of ATP
4. storage of water
Though some DNA is found in the mitochondria, most of the genetic information of the cell is stored
1. in the structure labeled "A"
2. in the structure labeled "B"
3. in the structure labeled "C"
4. in the structure labeled "D"
5. in the structure labeled "E"
6. in the structure labeled "F"
Generation of energy through cellular respiration takes place
1. in the structure labeled "A"
2. in the structure labeled "B"
3. in the structure labeled "C"
4. in the structure labeled "D"
5. in the structure labeled "E"
6. in the structure labeled "F"
Transport of lipids takes place
1. in the structure labeled "A"
2. in the structure labeled "B"
3. in the structure labeled "C"
4. in the structure labeled "D"
5. in the structure labeled "E"
6. in the structure labeled "F"
Ribosomes attach to
1. the structure labeled "A" giving it a "rough" appearance
2. the structure labeled "B" giving it a "rough" appearance
3. the structure labeled "C" giving it a "rough" appearance
4. the structure labeled "D" giving it a "rough" appearance
5. the structure labeled "E" giving it a "rough" appearance
6. the structure labeled "F" giving it a "rough" appearance
Which of the following helps you determine that the cell above is NOT a plant cell?
1. It lacks a rigid cell wall
2. It has a nucleus
3. It has mitochondria
4. It has chloroplasts
5. There is no large, central vacuole
Which of the following would help you conclude that the cell shown here is a plant cell?
1. The presence of chloroplasts
2. The presence of the Golgi apparatus
3. The rigid cell wall
4. The large, central vacuole
5. The absence of a rough endoplasmic reticulum
The structure labeled "A" has the function of
1. providing rigidity and preventing water loss
2. converting sunlight to chemical energy
3. processing and transporting macromolecules such as proteins and lipids
4. protecting the cell's DNA
The structure labeled "B" has the function of
1. providing rigidity and preventing water loss
2. converting sunlight to chemical energy
3. transporting proteins produced by the attached ribosomes
4. transporting fats to the nucleus
The structure labeled "C" has the function of
1. providing rigidity and preventing water loss
2. converting sunlight to energy
3. transporting proteins produced by the attached ribosomes
4. transporting fats to the nucleus
The structure labeled "G" has the function of
1. storage and support
2. converting sunlight to energy
3. transporting proteins produced by the attached ribosomes
4. converting food energy to ATP
The structure labeled "H" has the function of
1. storage and support
2. converting sunlight to energy
3. transporting proteins produced by the attached ribosomes
4. converting food energy to ATP
Processing of large molecules such as proteins and fats takes place
1. in the structure labeled "H"
2. in the structure labeled "B"
3. in the structure labeled "C"
4. in the structure labeled "F"
5. in the structure labeled "G"
Tour de France winner Greg Lemond retired from competitive cycling when he was diagnosed with a disorder that prevented his cells from producing sufficient energy for vigorous activity. Which organelle was the source of his malady?
1. The structure labeled "A"
2. The structure labeled "B"
3. The structure labeled "C"
4. The structure labeled "D"
5. The structure labeled "E"
The antibiotic tetracycline interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes. Because bacterial ribosomes are different from the ribosomes in human cells, taking tetracyline only stops
1. the production of bacterial protein
2. the formation of the bacterial cell wall
3. the storage of water in bacterial cells
4. the processing and transport of lipids in the bacterial cell
The process by which cells expel, or secrete, large molecules is known as
1. pinocytosis
2. phagocytosis
3. exocytosis
4. endocytosis
Which answer correctly describes the lipid bilayer?
1. lipids are hydrophobic; phosphates are hydrophilic
2. lipids are hydrophilic; phosphates are hydrophobic
3. lipids are hydrophilic; phosphates are hydrophilic
4. lipids are hydrophobic; phosphates are hydrophobic
In the image depicted above, the part of the bilayer that is hydrophobic includes
1. region A only
2. region B only
3. both region A and region B
4. neither region A nor region B
In the image depicted above, the part of the bilayer labeled "A"
1. are the charged phospates
2. are the hydrophobic lipids
3. are the transport proteins
4. are the glycoproteins
In the image depicted above, the part of the bilayer labeled "B"
1. are the charged phospates
2. are the hydrophobic lipids
3. are the transport proteins
4. are the glycoproteins
Two types are endocytosis are called
1. pinocytosis
2. exocytosis
3. phagocytosis
4. passive transport
In the image above, the transport protein
1. is labeled "A"
2. is labeled "B"
3. is labeled "C"
4. is labeled "D"
In the image above, the phospholipid bilayer
1. is labeled "A"
2. is labeled "B"
3. is labeled "C"
4. is labeled "D"
In the image above, the structures labeled "B", "C" and "D" are all
1. found only in animal cells
2. proteins
3. phospholipids
4. found only in plant cells
The structure whose function is to allow substances to diffuse from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
1. is labeled "A"
2. is labeled "B"
3. is labeled "C"
4. is labeled "D"
Movement of the small molecules from left to right across the membrane
1. requires passive transport
2. requires no energy
3. requires active transport
4. requires energy
Movement of the small molecules from right to left across the membrane
1. requires passive transport
2. requires no energy
3. requires active transport
4. requires energy
If the small molecules are water molecules, then the movement from right to left across the membrane
1. is called pinocytosis
2. is called osmosis
3. is called active transport
4. will not occur in a healthy cell
When salt is poured on a slug, it dies because
1. water moves out of the slug, causing dehydration
2. salt moves into the slug, poisoning it
3. water moves into the slug, causing it to swell
4. salt moves out of the slug, depriving it of essential minerals
In passive diffusion, substances always move
1. from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
2. from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
3. from an area with more of the molecules to an area with fewer of the molecules
4. from an area with fewer of the molecules to an area with more of the molecules
Which of these elements MUST be present in order for a molecule to be considered organic?
1. carbon, C
2. Hydrogen, H
3. Oxygen, O
4. Chlorine, Cl
5. Nitrogen, N
6. Iron, Fe
Which six elements make up most of the mass of living cells?
1. Carbon, C
2. Hydrogen, H
3. Phosphorus, P
4. Sulfur, S
5. Oxygen, O
6. Nitrogen
7. Iron, Fe
8. Sodium, Na
9. Potassium, K
10. Helium, He
The bonds between atoms in organic molecules such as sugars, fats and proteins are
1. ionic bonds
2. covalent bonds
3. metallic bonds
4. nuclear bonds
Proteins are made up of long chains of which of these building blocks?
1. sugars
2. amino acids
3. fatty acids
4. glycerol molecules
5. nucleic acids
The organic molecules that carry the genetic code of a cell belong to which class of molecules
1. nucleic acids
2. proteins
3. lipids
4. starches
5. steroids
Which of the following would provide the greatest amount of energy when burned by cells?
1. one gram of protein
2. one gram of fat
3. one gram of sugar
4. one gram of starch
The building blocks of a triglyceride molecule are
1. amino acids and glycerol
2. nucleic acids and amino acids
3. glycogen and fatty acids
4. fatty acids and glycerol
5. sugars and starches
Which of the following is not normally a function of proteins in healthy cells?
1. a component of cell membranes
2. long-term energy storage
3. functioning as enzymes
When sugars polymerize in long chains, they may form any of the following except:
1. glycogen
2. cellulose
3. starch
4. proteins
Examples of nucleic acids include
1. DNA and RNA
2. amino acids and fatty acids
3. sugars and starches
4. fats and proteins
Which of the following is an example of an organic chemical compound?
1. sodium chloride, NaCl
2. glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆
3. carbon dioxide, CO₂
4. sufur trioxide, SO₃
When electrons are shared between atoms of nonmetals, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.
1. covalent
2. ionic
3. metallic
4. nuclear
When a bond results from the transfer of electrons between atoms, it's a(n) ________________ bond that has formed.
1. covalent
2. ionic
3. metallic
4. nuclear
Assuming you can digest all of them, which of the following carbohydrates has the greatest energy value per gram?
1. sugar
2. starch
3. cellulose
4. glycogen
5. none of these, because they all have the same energy value