AP Chemistry Review Questions - Atomic Structure and Periodicity

An element having the configuration [Xe]6s¹ belongs to the Group:
1. halogens
2. noble gases
3. alkali metals
4. alkaline earth metals
5. None of these
Each electron in an atom has a unique set of four quantum numbers. This observation is credited to:
1. Hund
2. Pauli
3. Heisenberg
4. Mendeleev
5. Bohr
Which of these elements would have the highest second ionization energy?
1. potassium
2. fluorine
3. hydrogen
4. sulfur
5. calcium
An element Z has the configuration [Xe]6s². The oxide of this element will have the formula:
1. Z₂O
2. ZO
3. ZO₂
4. Z₂O₃
5. None of these
Which of these elements has three electrons in degenerate orbitals?
1. Si
2. Pd
3. Hg
4. Po
5. P
Excluded
For which of the following transitions does the light emitted have the shortest wavelength?
1. n = 5 to n = 3
2. n = 4 to n = 3
3. n = 2 to n = 1
4. n = 4 to n = 2
5. n = 3 to n = 2
How many f orbitals have n = 3?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 3
4. 5
5. 7
Excluded
How many electrons in an atom can have n = 5, l = 3?
1. 2
2. 6
3. 10
4. 14
5. None of these
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab have recently formed a new synthetic element with atomic number 118 and mass number 293. Which of the following elements would have chemical properties most similar to this new element?
1. Ta
2. Ir
3. Pb
4. S
5. Xe
How many unpaired electrons are there in an atom of tin in its ground state?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3
5. 4
Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?
1. infrared
2. radio waves
3. microwaves
4. visible light
5. ultraviolet
Which of the following relationships is incorrect with regard to electromagnetic radiation?
1. longer wavelength = lower frequency
2. longer wavelength = higher energy
3. higher frequency = higher energy
4. all of these
5. none of these
What is the wavelength of a photon whose frequency is 3.90 x 10¹⁴ Hz?
1. 1.27 x 10^-3
2. 4.51 nm
3. 1.30 x 10⁵ nm
4. 769 nm
5. 7.69 x 10^-7 nm
A photon has a frequency is 3.90 x 10¹⁴ Hz. What is the energy of the photon?
1. 2.58 x 10^-19 J
2. 1.13 x 10¹⁹ J
3. 4.75 x 10^-16 J
4. 9.08 x 10^-3 J
5. 4.75 x 10¹⁶ J
Which of the following particles has the greatest atomic radius?
1. Al
2. Si
3. P
4. S
5. Al³⁺
Of the following elements, which one is most likely to form an ion through the loss of two electrons?
1. sodium
2. chlorine
3. sulfur
4. strontium
5. aluminum
How many electrons can fit in all of the orbitals in which n = 3?
1. 2
2. 6
3. 14
4. 18
5. 32
Which of the following statements are true?
1. It is easier to remove an electron from Na⁺ than from Na.
2. The first ionization energy of fluorine is greater than the first ionization energy of oxygen.
3. All particles with the electron configuration [Ar]4s² have the same ionization energy.
4. As the atomic number increases within a group of the representative elements, the tendency is for first ionization energy to increase.
5. All are false
Which of the following atoms would experience the greatest energy loss when gaining an electron?
1. Cl
2. N
3. Na
4. Mg
5. Li