AP Chemistry Review Questions - Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

How many of the following salts can be expected to be insoluble in water?
- sodium sulfate
- potassium chloride
- ammonium nitrate
- potassium chromate
1. none
2. one
3. two
4. three
5. four
A chemist wants to separate a mixture of salt and fat. He places the mixture in a container with the nonpolar solvent benzene (density = 0.8787 g/cm³) and water (density = 1.00 g/cm³). After shaking the solution and allowing it to settle, the correct arrangement of solvent and solute is:
A 25.0-g sample of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 400. mL of water. What is the concentration of the solution?
1. 62.5 M
2. 0.10 M
3. 1.56 M
4. 1.56 x 10^-3 M
5. 100. M
How many grams of potassium nitrate are required to prepare 3.00 x 10² mL of 0.750 M solution?
1. 0.00223 g
2. 2.28 x 10⁴ g
3. 2.4 g
4. 22.8 g
5. 84.5 g
How many grams of sodium chloride are dissolved in 50.0 mL of 1.50 M solution?
1. 4.38 g
2. 4.38 x 10³ g
3. 23.4 g
4. 117 g
5. 0.00324 g
A chemist makes a stock solution of potassium chromate solution by dissolving 97.1 grams of the compound in 1.00 liter of solution. What volume of the solution must be diluted with water in order to prepare 200. mL of 0.200 M solution?
1. 0.0800 mL
2. 80.0 mL
3. 120. mL
4. 0.150 L
5. 750. mL
A 500 mL sample of a 0.350 M solution is left open on a lab counter for twl weeks, after which the concentration of the solution is 0.955 M. What is the new volume of the solution?
1. 223 mL
2. 183 L
3. 0.605 L
4. 1.83 mL
5. 0.183 L
All of the following are weak acids except:
1. HNO₃
2. HF
3. H₂CO₃
4. H₂S
5. HClO
In a reaction between ammonium phosphate and silver nitrate in aqueous solution, which of the following terms will be present in the balanced molecular equation?
1. NH₄PO₄(aq)
2. AgNO₃(s)
3. 3NH₄NO₃(aq)
4. Ag₃PO₄(aq)
5. None of these
When solutions of sodium nitrate and potassium chloride are mixed, which of the following will be present in the net ionic equation?
1. Na⁺
2. KNO₃(s)
3. Cl^-
4. NaCl(aq)
5. None of these
Which of the following is the most soluble base?
1. Ba(OH)₂
2. NaOH
3. Ca(OH)₂
4. Mg(OH)₂
5. Al(OH)₃
Which of the following ions is most likely to combine with an anion to form an insoluble salt?
1. sodium
2. sulfide
3. silver
4. potassium
5. ammonium
In the balanced molecular equation for the neutralization reaction between phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide, the products are:
1. KPO₄ + H₃OH
2. K₃PO₄ + 3H₂O
3. K⁺(aq) + PO₄^3-(aq) + 3H⁺ + 3OH^-
4. 3H₂O
5. None of these
In which of the following compounds does sulfur have an oxidation state of +4?
1. H₂SO₄
2. H₂SO₃
3. H₂S
4. SO₃
5. MgSO₄
What volume of 0.250 M H₂SO₄ is needed to react completely with 14.5 grams of NaOH?
1. 1.45 L
2. 2.90 L
3. 0.237 mL
4. 11.0 L
5. 0.726 L
435 mL of a 0.100 M HNO₃ solution is mixed with 235 mL of 0.175 M Ca(OH)₂. Which of the following statements are true?

1. The solution is alkaline
2. The solution is acidic
3. Water is a product
4. Some HNO₃ remains unreacted
5. Some Ca(OH)₂ remains unreacted
1. 1 and 5
2. 3 and 4
3. 2 and 3
4. 1 and 4
5. 1, 3 and 5
In the reaction 4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃ the substance oxidized is:
1. Al
2. O₂
3. Al³⁺
4. O^2-
5. None of these, because this is not a redox reaction
NaCl + H₂SO₄ + MnO₂ → Na₂SO₄ + MnSO₄ + H₂O + Cl₂

In this reaction, the ____ ion is oxidized.
1. Na⁺
2. Cl^-
3. O^2-
4. H⁺
5. Mn⁴⁺
In the following reaction, the oxidation numbers on sulfur are:

NaCl + H₂SO₄ + MnO₂ → Na₂SO₄ + MnSO₄ + H₂O + Cl₂
1. +6, +6 and +4 respectively
2. +4, +6 and +4 respectively
3. +4, +4 and +4 respectively
4. +6, +6 and +6 respectively
5. +4, +6 and +6 respectively
When the following reaction is balanced, the sum of all of the coefficients in the equation is:

NaCl + H₂SO₄ + MnO₂ → Na₂SO₄ + MnSO₄ + H₂O + Cl₂
1. 6
2. 10
3. 11
4. 14
5. 16